![]() However, ROSC was more common post-implementation. Survival to hospital discharge was similar pre- vs. The population was 74.7% white, 61.1% male, and had a median age of 65 (IQR 53-76) years. non-shockable rhythm, witnessed arrest, automatic external defibrillator availability, EMS response interval, and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation.ĭuring the study period there were 1,690 encounters (899 pre- and 791 post-implementation). Adjusted analyses included age, sex, race, shockable vs. post-implementation using generalized estimating equations to account for clustering within EMS agencies. Study outcomes were survival to hospital discharge (primary) and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) was used to obtain patient outcomes. ![]() Prior to implementation, all agencies used a multidose epinephrine protocol. Data were collected 1 year before and after implementation of the single-dose epinephrine protocol. Patients ≥18 years old with attempted resuscitation for non-traumatic prehospital cardiac arrest were included. We conducted a pre-post study across five North Carolina EMS agencies from to. The objective of this study was to determine if a single-dose epinephrine protocol was associated with improved survival compared to traditional multidose protocols. However, it is unclear if multiple epinephrine doses are associated with improved outcomes. Cardiac arrest guidelines recommend epinephrine every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest resuscitation.
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